What is programming of computer and its types .

Do you know what computer programming is ? It is a procedure by which instructions are provided to the computer to perform a task.

If you do not have any information about it then I would say that you have come to the right place because today I am going to provide you all the information related to programming through this article What is Programming? Therefore, I request you to read this article completely so that all your concepts will become clear.

To understand this properly, we first have to understand programming languages because these languages are the core of programming. We use these languages to ask them to do some specific tasks. If we look at it, we use programming languages for all the tasks of computers or any machines.

So today I thought why don't you guys know what is programming language and its types? Complete information should be provided so that it becomes easier for you to understand this topic. So without any delay let's start 

What is Programming – What is Programming of computer 

Programming or computer programming is a method with the help of which we instruct a computer or any machine to perform various tasks. Computer programming languages allow us (users) to give instructions to the computer in a language that the computer understands.

Just as there is such a variety of human-based languages ​​among us humans, similarly there are many types of computer programming languages ​​through which they communicate with computers. You probably also know that the part of the language which the computer understands is called “binary”.

The process of converting programming language into binary is called “compiling”. All languages, whether it is C language or Python, have their own distinct features, however, they also have many commonalities.

These languages ​​allow computers to quickly and efficiently handle large processes and complex information.

What is System Programming?

System programming in Hindi is that programming which is used for writing and designing computer programs. It allows computer hardware to interface with the programmer and user, allowing applications to be effectively executed in a computer system.

System programming.

 is used to develop computer system software that manages and controls computer operations.

Programming Languages Classification.

Therefore, it is very important that you understand the classification of Basic Programming languages.

What is DBMS and what is its function

What is Compiler?

Programming languages are broadly classified into three categories

1. MACHINE LANGUAGES

These languages ​​are closest to computer hardware. Every unique computer has a unique machine language. A machine language program is made up of a series of binary patterns (eg, 010011100) that represent simple operations that a computer can easily accomplish (for example, adding two operands, moving data into a memory location). to move etc.).

Machine language programs are executable, which means they can be easily run directly. If one wants to write a program in Machine Language then he can do so but for this the programmer will have to memorize many binary codes which is very difficult for a human being.

2. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES

The only purpose of bringing it was to make programming easier for humans. In this, machine language instructions were replaced by the use of simple pneumonic abbreviations (such as ADD, MOV). Therefore assembly languages ​​are also unique to a specific computer (machine).

In this, before execution, an assembly language program needs to be translated into machine language. This translation is completed by a computer program called Assembler. Assemblers are written for all unique machine languages.

3. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES

High-level languages, such as C, C++, JAVA, etc., all sound like English, so they become easier for programmers to “think” in terms of programming language. Only high-level languages ​​require translation before execution in machine language.

This translation is accomplished either by a compiler or an interpreter. Compilers translate the complete source code before program execution. (Ex: C++, Java)

Interpreters translate source code programs one line at a time. (Eg: Python) Interpreters are more interactive than compilers.

A list of all programming languages

Different languages ​​have different purposes, so it is very important to know about all the different languages, let us know about some types

Machine languages	These are directly interpreted by the hardware.
Assembly languages	These are those thin wrappers over a corresponding machine language.
High-level languages	All of these are machine-independent.
System languages	These are designed to handle low-level tasks, such as memory and process management.
Scripting languages	These are generally extremely high-level and powerful.
Domain-specific languages	They are used in highly special-purpose areas only.
Visual languages	These are non-text based languages.
Esoteric languages	These are not for use but they are very interesting, funny, and educational in some ways.

These types are not mutually exclusive: Perl is both high-level and scripting; C is considered both high-level and system.

Types of Programming Languages

If you want to look at it in a basic manner then there are two types of programming languages:-

1. Low level
2. High level

Low level is called what only the machine understands, these are minor, easy and fast conversions, because the computer understands these languages ​​(0 and 1). Assembly language which is low level, can be easily converted into machine language with the help of assembler.

Whereas high level is that which is understood by humans and it is written in English language, and the machine has to convert it into its own language. (C language is a high level language and it requires compilers for conversions)

However, computer requires some functions to convert high level language into low level language, such as compiler, interpreter etc.

What are the characteristics of programming language?

Let us know about some characteristics of programming languages ​​which should be there in a better programming language.

1. A programming language should be very simple, easy to learn and use, with good readability and easily recognizable by humans.

2. Abstraction should be an essential characteristic of any programming language , which should have the ability to define complex structure easily and its degree of usability should also be easy.

3. A portable programming language is always preferred by everyone.

4. The efficiency of the programming language should be very high so that it can be easily converted into a machine code and also executed. Besides, it consumes less space in memory.

5. A programming language should always be well structured and documented so that it is more suitable in application development.

6. All the necessary tools needed, whether for development, debugging, testing, or maintenance of the program, should be provided through a programming language only.

7. A programming language single environment called Integrated Development Environment (IDE) should be provided.

8. A programming language should be very consistent in terms of syntax and semantics.

How to learn programming online?

If you do not want to go to coaching, or if you want to learn online programming even after going to coaching, then for this there are many free and paid websites from where you can learn programming, some basic things can also be learned on   YouTube . Are found.

"Free programming learning websites

W3Schools

Codewithharry.com

Codeconquest

code chief

Coder change

freeCodeCamp

Paid programming learning websites

Codecademy

Treehouse

Udemy

Coursera

Khan Academy

Complete information about computer programming

Actually, the list of programming languages ​​currently in use is very long. But I have tried to give some information below regarding all the important programming languages ​​so that you can first know what these programming languages ​​are, where is their usefulness and whether you should learn them or not.

Complete information about Python

Python is an advanced programming language that is interpreted, object-oriented, and built with a flexible and robust semantics.

Who uses Python?

1. Professions Industries:

Python developers, software engineers, back-end developers, Python programmers

It is also used by other employers such as information technology, engineering, professional services and design.

2. Major Organizations where Python is used: Google, Pinterest, Instagram, YouTube, DropBox, NASA, ESRI

3. Specializations and Industries that make full use of Python: Web and Internet development (frameworks, micro-frameworks and advanced content management systems), scientific and numeric computing; In desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs) etc.

Why is it so important to learn Python?

Python helps you work very quickly as a scripting or glue language to integrate systems. Besides, it is very useful in Rapid Application Develop (RAD).

The entire inner logic of many games is based on this, along with this AI is also implemented.

NASA also uses Python in its Integrated Planning System as a standard scripting language."

 

What are the features of Java?

• Application portability is
• It is a robust and interpreted language.
• It has a very extensive network library.

Where did JAVA start?

Originally called Oak, Java was first developed by Sun Microsystems in 1990, whose original purpose was to add some capabilities to the C++ language.

Java was developed keeping in mind a basic principle which is WORA (Write Once Run Anywhere) meaning write once and use it anywhere. This language was introduced to the public in 1995 and is now owned by Oracle.

Complete information about HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML is a standard markup language that is used to create web pages; This ensures proper formatting of text and images (using tags) so that Internet browsers display them as they want them to appear.

Who uses HTML?

• Professions Industries:

• Web developers, technical editors, email designers, software engineers
• These are used by employers in Information Technology, Engineering, Design, Professional Services, Management, Marketing, Customer Services and Sales.

• Major Organizations where it is used: Apple, CyberCoders, Apex Systems, CareerBuilder

• Specializations and Industries where HTML is most used: Web Development, Email Programming

Why is it so important to learn HTML?

HTML is used to create electronic documents (pages) and display them online. If you want, you can look at any page and see the HTML in action.

If we talk about today's sites, their diversity and complexity in structure and appearance can be made possible through HTML.

What are the features of HTML?

• It is very easy to learn it.
• It is free and accessible.
• It is also available in multiple versions.

When and where did HTML start?

HTML was created by physicist Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, which allows scientists to share documents online. Before this, all communications were sent in plain text only. HTML made it possible to have “rich” text (ie. text formatting and visual images).

Complete information about JavaScript

JavaScript is a client-side programming language that runs inside a client browser and processes commands on a computer and not on a server. It is commonly placed in an HTML or ASP file. It may have Java in its name but it is not related to JAVA in any way.

Who uses JavaScript?

• Professions and Industries:
o JavaScript developers, Web developers, software engineers
o It is used by employers in Information Technology, Engineering, Design, Marketing, Finance and Healthcare industries.

• Major Organizations where used: WordPress, Soundcloud, Khan Academy, Linkedin, Groupon, Yahoo and many more.

• Specializations and Industries where JavaScript is used the most: Front End Website Development, Gaming Development etc.

Why is it so important to learn JavaScript?

JavaScript is mainly used in web development to manipulate various page elements and make them more dynamic, to include scrolling abilities, to print time and date, to create a calendar. And other such tasks which are not possible through plain HTML. It is also used to create games and APIs.

JavaScript was designed by Netscape and its original name was LiveScript , which later became JavaScript in 1995 .

Complete information about C Language

C Language is a structure-oriented, middle-level programming language that is mostly used to develop low-level applications.

Who uses it?

• Professions and Industries:
o It is often used by software developers, computer engineers, business and systems analysts, IT and Web content administrators, embedded software engineers.
o It is used by employers of other domains such as Information Technology, Engineering, Management, Healthcare and Professional Services.

• Major Organizations that use it: Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Cisco, Raytheon

• Specializations and Industries where C Language is used more: Embedded Systems, Systems Programming, Artificial Intelligence, Industrial Automation, Computer Graphics, Space Research, Image Processing and Game Programming.

Why is it important to learn C language?

The C language is used to develop systems applications that can be integrated with other operating systems such as Windows, UNIX and Linux, as well as embedded software. Applications use graphics packages, word processors, spreadsheets, operating system development, database systems, compilers, assemblers, network drivers and interpreters.

• Facebook's TAO systems are completely programmed in C language.

• C language is used to develop most device drivers.

•  C language Features:

• It is very simple to learn it; Because there are only 32 keywords to master.
• Using it, it is very easy to write systems programs such as compilers and interpreters.
• This is a foundational language for beginners.

When and where was C language started?

C Language was developed in Bell Labs in 1972 . It was mainly created to implement in UNIX System. Later it eventually gave rise to very advanced programming languages, such as C++, Java C#, JavaScript and Pearl.

Complete information about C++

C++ is a general purpose, object-oriented, middle-level programming language and it is an extension of the C language, so it is possible to code this language in C style. In some situations, coding can be done in any format, making C++ a hybrid language.

Who uses C++?

•  Professions and Industries :
o C++ is used by software engineers, C++ software developers, embedded engineers, programmer analysts.
o It is used by employers in many different fields such as Information Technology, Engineering, Professional Services, Design, Quality Control and Management.

• Major Company and Organization Users: They are used extensively in many organizations like Google, Mozilla, Firefox, Winamp, Adobe Software, Amazon, Lockheed Martin.

•  Specializations : These are also used in System/Application Software, Drivers, Client-Server Applications, Embedded Firmware.

(Structured Query Language)

SQL is a database query language (it is not a development language) that allows adding, accessing and properly managing content in the database. It is a language that allows programmers to perform a common acronym CRUD (Create; Read; Update; Delete) on a database.

Who uses SQL?

•  Professions and Industries :
o SQL server developers, database testers, software developers, database administrators
o It is also used in many different industries such as Information Technology, Engineering, Design, Management, Professional Servers, Business and Finance

• Major Organizations where it is used: SQL is used by many companies and organizations to gather data. This includes many such as Robert Half Technology, Nigel Frank, CyberCoders and UnitedHealthcare etc.

•  Specializations where SQL is most used: Data Analysis and Big Data Mining.

Why is it more important to learn SQL?

SQL interacts with the backend database in the web application. It is also called the “de facto standard” database language, which is used in conjunction with other programming languages. SQL programs are implemented in businesses and organizations as a way to access and manipulate information stored in databases.

• Relational database management systems that use SQL include MySQL (by Oracle), Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, and others.

What are the features of SQL:

o Its syntax is very simple.
o It is free and easily accessible.

When and who started SQL?

SQL was developed at the IBM Research Center in 1974 and its original name was SEQUEL. Its first commercial version was introduced by ORACLE in 1979 .

What did you learn today

I hope that you must have liked my article What is Computer Programming) . It is always my endeavor to provide complete information about what programming is to the readers so that they do not need to search for that article on any other sites or internet.

This will also save their time and they will get all the information at one place. If you have any doubts in your mind regarding this article or you want that there should be some improvement in it, then you can write comments below.